O‘zbekcha qoidalar va misollar
Past Simple o‘zbekcha: qoida va misollar
Past Simple qoidasi va o‘tgan zamonda gap tuzish misollari. Muntazam va noto‘g‘ri fe’llarni Tildon darsida yozib mashq qiling.
Oddiy fe'llar (-ed)
Qachon ishlatamiz?
Bu shakl o'tmishda boshlanib o'tmishda tugagan ish uchun: kecha, o'tgan hafta, ikki yil oldin. Ish allaqachon tamom, shuning uchun biz unga butun bir voqea sifatida qaraymiz.
Fe'llarning ko'pchiligi oddiy. Oddiy fe'lga faqat -ed qo'shiladi va u tugagan kun haqida gapirishga tayyor bo'ladi.
Tuzilishi
- I / you / he / she / we / they + fe'l-ed - hamma uchun bitta shakl
- work fe'li worked bo'ladi, play fe'li played
- visit fe'li visited bo'ladi, clean fe'li cleaned
Misollar:
- I workedMen ishladim
- She cleanedU (ayol) tozaladi
- They visitedUlar tashrif buyurishdi
- He calledU (erkak) qo'ng'iroq qildi
- We arrivedBiz yetib keldik
Ko'p uchraydigan xatolar
I worked yesterday. I work yesterday. Yesterday tugagan kunni ko'rsatadi, shuning uchun fe'lga -ed kerak.
He cleaned the room. He cleaneds the room. Fe'lning -ed shakliga -s qo'shilmaydi, he va she bilan ham.
We arrived yesterday. We were arrived yesterday. O'tgan zamonni -ed ning o'zi ko'rsatadi, shuning uchun fe'l oldiga was yoki were qo'yilmaydi.
Signal so'zlar
- yesterday - kecha
- last - o'tgan hafta, oy yoki yil
- ago - bugundan orqaga sanab
I work - har kungi odat; I worked - tugab bo'lgan bitta kun.
Oltala ega uchun bitta shakl: I, you, he, she, we va they - hammasi worked.
Notartibli fe'llar
Nega bu fe'l boshqacha?
Ba'zi fe'llar -ed qo'shimchasini qabul qilmaydi. Ular qo'shimcha olish o'rniga o'z shaklini o'zgartiradi: go fe'li went bo'ladi, eat fe'li ate bo'ladi. Bular notartibli fe'llar va aynan ular nutqda eng ko'p uchraydi.
O'zgarishning qoidasi yo'q, shuning uchun har bir fe'l yangi so'z kabi yodlanadi. Yaxshi tomoni shuki, yangi shakl hamma ega uchun bir xil.
Shu bo'limdagi yetti fe'l
- go fe'li went, eat fe'li ate bo'ladi
- drink fe'li drank, run fe'li ran bo'ladi
- see fe'li saw, come fe'li came bo'ladi
- make fe'li made bo'ladi
Misollar:
- I wentMen bordim
- She cameU (ayol) keldi
- He drankU (erkak) ichdi
- They ranUlar yugurishdi
- I saw itMen uni ko'rdim
Ko'p uchraydigan xatolar
I went to school. I goed to school. Go fe'liga -ed qo'shilmaydi, uning tugagan shakli went.
She ate breakfast. She eated breakfast. Eat fe'li ate ga aylanadi, ustiga yana qo'shimcha qo'yilmaydi.
He drank water. He dranks water. -s faqat bugungi odat uchun: he drinks. Tugagan shakl drank ga -s qo'shilmaydi, he va she bilan ham.
Hamma uchun bitta shakl
- I went, you went, he went
- she went, we went, they went
Oddiy fe'l tanasini saqlab -ed oladi; notartibli fe'l tanasini o'zgartiradi va hech narsa olmaydi.
Ikki so'zni juft qilib yodlang, go va went, shunda tugagan shakl o'zi esga tushadi.
Inkor shakli
Bo'lmaganini qanday aytamiz?
Ish sodir bo'lmaganini aytish uchun fe'l oldiga didn't qo'yamiz. Didn't so'zining ichida tugagan vaqt allaqachon bor, shuning uchun undan keyingi fe'l lug'atdagi qisqa shakliga qaytadi.
Qo'shimcha aynan shuning uchun yo'qoladi: bitta gapga tugagan vaqtning bitta belgisi yetadi, va o'sha belgi - didn't.
Tuzilishi
- ega + didn't + fe'l - fe'l -ed ni yo'qotadi
- didn't - bu did not ning qisqa shakli
- notartibli fe'l ham qaytadi: went yana go bo'ladi
Misollar:
- I didn't workMen ishlamadim
- She didn't visitU (ayol) tashrif buyurmadi
- They didn't playUlar o'ynamadilar
- He didn't callU (erkak) qo'ng'iroq qilmadi
- I didn't goMen bormadim
Ko'p uchraydigan xatolar
I didn't work. I didn't worked. Didn't o'zi tugagan kunni ko'rsatadi, shuning uchun fe'l qisqa qoladi.
She didn't go. She didn't went. Didn't dan keyin notartibli fe'l ham lug'atdagi shakliga qaytadi.
We didn't play yesterday. We don't play yesterday. Yesterday tugagan kun, shuning uchun gapga didn't kerak. Don't hozirgi zamon uchun.
Ikkala shakl ham to'g'ri
- I did not work - to'liq, biroz rasmiy
- I didn't work - suhbatda va xabarlarda oddiy shakl
I don't work bugun haqida; I didn't work esa tugagan kun haqida.
Bir gapda tugagan vaqt belgisi bitta: uni didn't da qoldiring, fe'lga tegmang.
So'roq shakli
Tugagan kun haqida qanday so'raymiz?
Tugagan kun haqidagi savol Did bilan boshlanadi. Did oldinga chiqadi, undan keyin ega keladi, fe'l esa didn't dan keyingi kabi lug'atdagi qisqa shaklida qoladi.
Tugagan vaqt belgisi gap boshiga ko'chgani uchun fe'lning o'zi sodda qoladi: Did you work, hech qachon Did you worked emas.
Tuzilishi
- Did + ega + fe'l? - fe'lda qo'shimcha yo'q
- tafsilot kerak bo'lsa What, Where va When Did dan oldin turadi
- javob did yoki didn't bilan qaytadi
Misollar:
- Did you work?Ishladingmi degan savol
- Did she go?U ketdimi degan savol
- Did they arrive?Ular yetib kelishdimi degan savol
- Did he call?U qo'ng'iroq qildimi degan savol
- Did we finish?Ishni tugatdikmi degan savol
Ko'p uchraydigan xatolar
Did you work? Did you worked? Did o'zi tugagan vaqtni ko'rsatadi, shuning uchun fe'lda qo'shimcha yo'q.
Did she go? Did she went? Did dan keyin notartibli fe'l ham lug'atdagi shakliga qaytadi.
Where did she go? Where she went? So'roq so'zi Did o'rnini bosmaydi. Did undan keyin turadi, fe'l esa lug'atdagi shaklida qoladi.
Savol so'zlari bilan
- What did you do yesterday?
- Where did she go?
- When did they arrive?
Do you work? bugun haqida so'raydi; Did you work? tugagan kun haqida so'raydi.
Boshida Did, oxirida sodda fe'l, o'rtada esa faqat ega turadi.
Qisqa javoblar
Did bilan berilgan savolga qanday javob beramiz?
Did bilan boshlangan savolga o'sha so'zning o'zi bilan javob beriladi: Yes, keyin ega, keyin did; yoki No, keyin ega, keyin didn't. Asosiy fe'l umuman takrorlanmaydi.
Qisqa javob dangasalik emas. Yolg'iz Yes yoki No quruq eshitiladi, to'liq gap esa og'ir bo'ladi, qisqa javob aynan o'rtada turadi.
Tuzilishi
- Yes, ega did. - qisqa tasdiq
- No, ega didn't. - qisqa inkor
- ega hech qachon tushib qolmaydi: Yes, I did, hech qachon Yes, did emas
Misollar:
- Yes, I didHa, men qildim
- No, I didn'tYo'q, men qilmadim
- Yes, she didHa, u (ayol) qildi
- No, he didn'tYo'q, u (erkak) qilmadi
- Yes, we didHa, biz qildik
Ko'p uchraydigan xatolar
Yes, I did. Yes, I worked. Qisqa javobda did takrorlanadi, asosiy fe'l emas.
No, he didn't. No, he didn't called. Qisqa javobda didn't dan keyin hech narsa turmaydi.
Did she call? Yes, she did. Did she call? Yes, she does. Savol Did bilan boshlangan, shuning uchun javobda did takrorlanadi. Does faqat Does bilan boshlangan savolga javob bo'ladi.
Olmoshni moslang
- Did your sister come? Yes, she did.
- Did your friends arrive? Yes, they did.
Yes, I do bugun haqidagi savolga javob; Yes, I did tugagan kun haqidagi savolga javob.
Savoldagi Did so'zini oling, yoniga egani qo'ying, javob tayyor bo'ladi.
Vaqt ifodalari
Bu aniq qachon bo'ldi?
Fe'ldagi qo'shimcha ish tugaganini bildiradi, lekin qachon tugaganini aytmaydi. Bu - vaqt iborasining ishi: yesterday, last week, two days ago. Bitta kichik ibora tugagan ishni tugagan onga aylantiradi.
Shu bo'limdagi deyarli hamma gapga uchta shakl yetadi: yesterday, last va davr nomi, hamda son va davr nomi va ago.
Qayerda turadi?
- gap oxirida: I worked yesterday
- eng boshida, egadan oldin: Yesterday I worked
- ega bilan fe'l orasida hech qachon turmaydi
Misollar:
- They arrived yesterdayUlar kecha yetib kelishdi
- I called him yesterdayMen unga kecha qo'ng'iroq qildim
- She left an hour agoU bir soat oldin ketdi
- We visited them last weekBiz o'tgan hafta ularga tashrif buyurdik
- He bought it two days agoU buni ikki kun oldin sotib oldi
Ko'p uchraydigan xatolar
I worked yesterday. I yesterday worked. Vaqt iborasi gap oxirida yoki eng boshida turadi, o'rtada emas.
She came two hours ago. She came ago two hours. Ago doim muddatdan keyin turadi, undan oldin hech qachon turmaydi.
We visited them last week. We visited them in last week. Last oldiga in, on yoki at qo'yilmaydi: last week, last month, last year.
Signal so'zlar
- yesterday - kecha
- last - o'tgan hafta, oy yoki yil
- ago - bugundan orqaga sanab
I work every day qanchalik tez-tez bo'lishini aytadi; I worked yesterday qaysi kun bo'lganini aytadi.
Vaqt iborasini gap nafas oladigan joyga qo'ying: eng oxiriga yoki eng boshiga.