Present Simple o‘zbekcha: qoida va misollar

Qachon ishlatamiz?

Present Simple har kuni takrorlanadigan odatlar, doimiy holatlar va umumiy haqiqatlar uchun ishlatiladi. O'zbekchada "men ishlayman", "ular yeyishadi" deganingizda aynan shu zamon: ish har kuni bo'ladi, hozir shu daqiqada emas.

Bu bo'limda faqat to'rtta ega bilan ishlaymiz: I (men), you (sen, siz), we (biz), they (ular). Ular bilan fe'l lug'atdagi shaklida qoladi.

Tuzilishi

• I / you / we / they + fe'l - fe'lga hech narsa qo'shilmaydi
• I work - men ishlayman
• They eat - ular yeyishadi

Misollar:

• I workMen ishlayman
• You drink coffeeSen qahva ichasan
• We watch TV every nightBiz har kuni kechqurun televizor ko'ramiz
• They cook dinnerUlar kechki ovqat pishirishadi
• I like musicMenga musiqa yoqadi

Ko'p uchraydigan xatolar

They work every day. They works every day. "they" bilan fe'lga -s qo'shilmaydi; -s faqat he/she/it uchun (keyingi bo'limda).

I go to school. I am go to school. Present Simple'da oddiy fe'l oldidan "am/is/are" kelmaydi.

They cook dinner every day. They every day cook dinner. "every day" gap oxirida yoki eng boshida turadi, ega bilan fe'l orasiga kirmaydi.

Signal so'zlar

• every day - har kuni
• always - har doim
• usually - odatda

I / you / we / they bilan fe'l lug'atdan qanday olinsa shunday qoladi: work, eat, go.

Qachon ishlatamiz?

Bu bo'limda yana odat va doimiy holatlar, lekin endi gapga to'ldiruvchi (object) qo'shamiz: nimani o'qiyman, qayerda yashayman, kimga yordam beraman. O'zbekchada to'ldiruvchi fe'ldan OLDIN keladi: "kitob o'qiyman". Inglizchada tartib teskari: avval fe'l, keyin to'ldiruvchi - "read books".

Ega o'sha to'rttasi: I, you, we, they. Fe'l yana o'zgarmaydi, faqat gap uzayadi.

Tuzilishi

• ega + fe'l + to'ldiruvchi - I read books, We like music
• ega + fe'l + joy - They live here, I study at school
• fe'l o'zgarmaydi - read, speak, live, help lug'atdagidek qoladi

Misollar:

• I read booksMen kitob o'qiyman
• You speak EnglishSen inglizcha gapirasan
• They live hereUlar bu yerda yashashadi
• You understand meSen meni tushunasan
• We like musicBizga musiqa yoqadi
• They drink coffee every morningUlar har kuni ertalab qahva ichishadi

Ko'p uchraydigan xatolar

I read books. I books read. Inglizchada to'ldiruvchi fe'ldan keyin turadi: read books, speak English.

We live here. We are live here. Odatni bildiruvchi fe'l oldida "am/is/are" bo'lmaydi.

They learn English. They learns English. "they" bilan -s yo'q.

I help my mother. I help to my mother. help dan keyin "to" kerak emas: kimga yordam berilayotgani fe'ldan keyin darhol keladi.

Signal so'zlar

• every morning - har kuni ertalab
• every day - har kuni
• a lot - ko'pI read a lot

Inglizcha gap uch qadam: kim (I) - nima qiladi (read) - nimani (books).

Qachon ishlatamiz?

Ega he (u - erkak), she (u - ayol) yoki it (u - narsa, hayvon) bo'lsa, Present Simple'da fe'lga -s qo'shiladi: work - works, read - reads. O'zbekchada ham "u" uchun alohida shakl bor: "men ishlayman", lekin "u ishlaydi". Inglizchadagi -s xuddi shu "-di" kabi: faqat uchinchi shaxs birlik uchun.

Bitta kishi yoki bitta narsa haqida gapirsangiz - -s. Ko'plik (they, we) yoki I, you bo'lsa - -s yo'q.

Tuzilishi

• he / she / it + fe'l + -s - He works, She reads, It runs
• -o, -ch, -sh, -ss, -x dan keyin -es - go - goes, watch - watches
• undosh + y bo'lsa -ies - study - studies
• have - has - istisno, yodlab olinadi

Misollar:

• He worksU ishlaydi
• She reads every nightU har kuni kechqurun o'qiydi
• He studies hardU qattiq dars tayyorlaydi
• It works wellU yaxshi ishlaydi
• She speaks RussianU ruscha gapiradi
• He watches TV in the morningU ertalab televizor ko'radi

Ko'p uchraydigan xatolar

She works every day. She work every day. he/she/it bilan -s majburiy, uni tushirib qoldirish eng ko'p uchraydigan xato.

He goes to school. He gos to school. -o bilan tugagan fe'lga -es qo'shiladi: goes, does.

She studies English. She studys English. Undoshdan keyingi -y -ies ga aylanadi: study - studies.

She has a book. She haves a book. have - istisno: he/she/it bilan u has bo'ladi, haves emas.

Taqqoslash

• I work / They work - -s yo'q
• He works / She works / It works - -s bor

Bitta "u" (he, she, it) - bitta -s. Fe'l oxiridagi -s "uchinchi shaxs" belgisi.

Qachon ishlatamiz?

Odat yoki doimiy holatni inkor qilish uchun: "men ishlamayman", "u gapirmaydi". O'zbekchada inkor fe'l ichiga "-ma-" qo'shimchasi bo'lib kiradi. Inglizchada esa inkor alohida yordamchi so'z bilan yasaladi: don't yoki doesn't fe'l OLDIDA turadi.

Qaysi birini tanlash egaga bog'liq: I, you, we, they - don't; he, she, it - doesn't. Asosiy fe'l har doim lug'atdagi shaklda qoladi: -s yordamchi so'zga (does) o'tib ketadi.

Tuzilishi

• I / you / we / they + don't + fe'l - I don't work, They don't eat
• he / she / it + doesn't + fe'l - She doesn't work, It doesn't run
• don't = do not, doesn't = does not - og'zaki nutqda qisqa shakl

Misollar:

• I don't workMen ishlamayman
• She doesn't speak RussianU ruscha gapirmaydi
• We don't watch TVBiz televizor ko'rmaymiz
• He doesn't like coffeeU qahvani yoqtirmaydi
• They don't live hereUlar bu yerda yashamaydilar
• It doesn't work wellU yaxshi ishlamaydi

Ko'p uchraydigan xatolar

He doesn't work. He doesn't works. -s faqat bir marta: u "doesn't" ichida, fe'lga qayta qo'shilmaydi.

She doesn't like tea. She don't like tea. he/she/it bilan doesn't, don't emas.

I don't go to school. I not go to school. "not" yolg'iz turolmaydi, unga "do" kerak: do not - don't.

I don't drink coffee. I am not drink coffee. Oddiy fe'lning inkori don't/doesn't bilan yasaladi, "am not/is not/are not" bilan emas.

Taqqoslash

• She works - tasdiq: fe'lda -s
• She doesn't work - inkor: -s "doesn't" ga o'tdi, fe'l toza

Inkorda -s fe'ldan doesn't ga ko'chadi: He works - He doesn't work.

Qachon ishlatamiz?

Odat yoki doimiy holat haqida so'rash uchun: "Sen o'qiysanmi?", "U ishlaydimi?". O'zbekchada savol fe'l oxiridagi "-mi" bilan yasaladi. Inglizchada esa savol gap BOSHIDA boshlanadi: yordamchi so'z Do yoki Does egadan oldin qo'yiladi.

I, you, we, they - Do; he, she, it - Does. Asosiy fe'l lug'atdagi shaklda qoladi, chunki -s "Does" ga o'tgan. Savol oxirida albatta so'roq belgisi.

Tuzilishi

• Do + I / you / we / they + fe'l? - Do you read? Do they run?
• Does + he / she / it + fe'l? - Does he work? Does it go?
• fe'l -s siz - Does she cook?cooks emas

Misollar:

• Do you read?Sen o'qiysanmi?
• Does he work?U ishlaydimi?
• Does she cook?U pishiradimi?
• Do they run every morning?Ular har kuni ertalab yugurishadimi?
• Do you drink tea?Sen choy ichasanmi?
• Does it work?U ishlaydimi?

Ko'p uchraydigan xatolar

Does she work? Does she works? -s allaqachon "Does" ichida; fe'lga qayta qo'shilmaydi.

Do you like music? You like music? Oddiy savolda yordamchi so'z majburiy: Do/Does gap boshida turadi.

Does he live here? Do he live here? he/she/it bilan Does, Do emas.

Do you drink tea? Are you drink tea? Oddiy fe'lli savol Do/Does bilan boshlanadi, "Am/Is/Are" bilan emas.

Taqqoslash

• He works. - tasdiq: ega, keyin fe'l -s bilan
• Does he work? - savol: Does oldinda, fe'l toza

Savol - bu "-mi" ni gap boshiga olib o'tish: Does u ishlaydi? - Does he work?

Qachon ishlatamiz?

Odat qanchalik tez-tez takrorlanishini aytish uchun: har doim, odatda, ba'zan, hech qachon. Bular tezlik ravishlari (adverbs of frequency). O'zbekchada ham shunday so'zlar bor va ular fe'l oldida keladi: "men har doim ishlayman". Inglizchada joyi xuddi shunday: ega va asosiy fe'l ORASIDA.

Ravishlar shkala kabi: always (100%) - usually - often - sometimes - rarely - never (0%). "Never" o'zi inkor, shuning uchun u bilan "don't" ishlatilmaydi.

Tuzilishi

• ega + ravish + fe'l - I always work, She usually reads
• he/she/it bilan -s saqlanadi - He sometimes eats, She often speaks
• never + tasdiq fe'l - They never run (don't yo'q)

Misollar:

• I always workMen doimo ishlayman
• She usually readsU odatda o'qiydi
• They often go to the parkUlar tez-tez parkka borishadi
• He sometimes eats breakfastU ba'zan nonushta qiladi
• We rarely watch TVBiz kamdan-kam televizor ko'ramiz
• I never drink coffee at nightMen kechasi hech qachon qahva ichmayman

Ko'p uchraydigan xatolar

I always work. I work always. Ravish egadan keyin, fe'ldan oldin turadi.

She never drinks tea. She doesn't never drink tea. "never" o'zi inkor; ikkita inkor bir gapda bo'lmaydi.

He usually reads. He usually read. Ravish -s qoidasini bekor qilmaydi: he/she/it bilan fe'l baribir -s oladi.

You always study. Always you study. "always" gap boshiga chiqmaydi, u ega bilan fe'l orasida qoladi.

Signal so'zlar

• always - har doim100%
• usually - odatda
• often - tez-tez
• sometimes - ba'zan
• rarely - kamdan-kam
• never - hech qachon0%

Ravish ega bilan fe'l orasiga "sandvich" bo'lib kiradi: I - always - work.

Qachon ishlatamiz?

"Do you work?" degan savolga inglizlar odatda bir so'z bilan "Yes" yoki "No" demaydi - bu quruq eshitiladi. Ular qisqa javob beradi: "Yes, I do" yoki "No, I don't". O'zbekchada "Ha, ishlayman" deb fe'lni takrorlaymiz; inglizchada fe'l o'rniga yordamchi so'z do/does takrorlanadi.

Qoida oddiy: savol qaysi yordamchi so'z bilan boshlangan bo'lsa, javobda ham o'sha: Do - do/don't, Does - does/doesn't. Asosiy fe'l qisqa javobda aytilmaydi.

Tuzilishi

• Yes, + ega + do / does - Yes, I do. Yes, she does.
• No, + ega + don't / doesn't - No, I don't. No, he doesn't.
• fe'l takrorlanmaydi - "Yes, I do work" emas, faqat "Yes, I do"

Misollar:

• Do you work? Yes, I doIshlaysanmi? Ha, ishlayman
• Does she read? Yes, she doesU o'qiydimi? Ha, o'qiydi
• Do they live here? No, they don'tUlar bu yerda yashashadimi? Yo'q
• Does he cook? No, he doesn'tU pishiradimi? Yo'q, pishirmaydi
• Does it work? Yes, it doesU ishlaydimi? Ha, ishlaydi
• Do you understand? Yes, I doTushunyapsanmi? Ha, tushunyapman

Ko'p uchraydigan xatolar

Yes, she does. Yes, she do. he/she/it bilan javobda ham does, do emas.

No, I don't. No, I don't work. Qisqa javobda asosiy fe'l takrorlanmaydi.

Yes, I do. Yes, I am. Savol Do bilan boshlangan bo'lsa, javob ham do bilan, am/is/are bilan emas.

No, he doesn't. No, he not. Qisqa javobda "not" yolg'iz turolmaydi, unga yordamchi so'z kerak: does not - doesn't.

Taqqoslash

• Do you...? - Yes, I do / No, I don't - I, you, we, they
• Does he...? - Yes, he does / No, he doesn't - he, she, it

Savolning birinchi so'zi javobning oxirgi so'zi: Do...? - Yes, I do.

Qachon ishlatamiz?

"Ha/yo'q" javobi yetmaganda: nima, qayerda, qachon, nega, qanday - aniq ma'lumot kerak bo'lganda. O'zbekchada savol so'zi gap ichida turadi: "Sen QAYERDA yashaysan?". Inglizchada savol so'zi har doim eng BOSHIDA, undan keyin esa oddiy savol tartibi: do/does + ega + fe'l.

Ya'ni Wh-savol = savol so'zi + siz bilgan Do/Does savoli. Asosiy fe'l yana lug'atdagi shaklda, -s "does" ichida.

Tuzilishi

• Savol so'zi + do + I / you / we / they + fe'l? - Where do you live?
• Savol so'zi + does + he / she / it + fe'l? - Where does she live?
• What / Where / When / Why / How - nima / qayerda / qachon / nega / qanday

Misollar:

• What do you do?Sen nima ish qilasan?
• Where does she live?U qayerda yashaydi?
• When do they eat?Ular qachon yeyishadi?
• Why do you study English?Nega ingliz tilini o'rganasan?
• How does it work?U qanday ishlaydi?
• What time do you go to school?Soat nechada maktabga borasan?

Ko'p uchraydigan xatolar

Where does he work? Where he works? Savol so'zidan keyin ham yordamchi does kerak; ega fe'ldan oldin turadi.

What do you need? What you need? Do tushirib qoldirilmaydi.

When does she work? When does she works? -s "does" ichida, fe'l toza qoladi.

Where do you live? Do you live where? Savol so'zi doim birinchi turadi, do/does dan oldin.

Signal so'zlar

• what - nima
• where - qayerda, qayerga
• when - qachon
• why - nega
• how - qanday
• what time - soat nechada

Wh-savol - savol so'zi + oddiy savol: Where + do you live?