Past Continuous o‘zbekcha: qoida va misollar

Qachon ishlatamiz?

Past Continuous o'tmishdagi ma'lum bir paytda davom etib turgan harakatni ko'rsatadi. Harakat boshlangan, hali tugamagan, siz esa uning o'rtasidasiz. O'zbekchada bu "-ayotgan edi" shakli: "u uxlayotgan edi", "men rasm chizayotgan edim". Past Simple ("u uxladi") tugagan ishni aytadi, Past Continuous esa jarayonni ko'rsatadi.

Bu bo'limda birlik egalar bilan ishlaymiz: I, he, she, it. Ularning hammasi bilan yordamchi fe'l (auxiliary) bitta: was. Asosiy fe'lga (verb) -ing qo'shiladi.

Tuzilishi

• I / He / She / It + was + fe'l-ing - o'tmishda davom etayotgan harakat
• I was painting - men rasm chizayotgan edim
• She was cooking - u ovqat pishirayotgan edi
• It was raining - yomg'ir yog'ayotgan edi

Misollar:

• I was paintingMen rasm chizayotgan edim
• He was sleepingU uxlayotgan edi
• She was watching TVU televizor ko'rayotgan edi
• It was raining all dayKun bo'yi yomg'ir yog'ayotgan edi
• The sun was shiningQuyosh nur sochayotgan edi
• He was driving to workU ishga haydab ketayotgan edi

Ko'p uchraydigan xatolar

She was reading. She were reading. I / he / she / it bilan faqat was; were ko'plik egalar uchun.

He was sleeping. He was sleep. Yordamchi fe'l was bor, lekin asosiy fe'lga -ing qo'shilmagan. Ikkalasi ham kerak.

It was raining. It raining. was tushib qolsa gap o'tmishdagi jarayon ma'nosini yo'qotadi.

She was cooking dinner. She was cook dinner. was dan keyin asosiy fe'l -ing oladi: cook emas, cooking.

Taqqoslash

• Past Simple - She cooked dinner (ish tugadi, natija bor)
• Past Continuous - She was cooking dinner (ish o'sha payt davom etayotgan edi)

was + fe'l-ing: o'tmishga qaytib, harakatni tugamagan holda, jarayon o'rtasida ko'ring.

Qachon ishlatamiz?

Ma'no oldingi bo'limdagidek: o'tmishdagi ma'lum paytda davom etib turgan harakat. Endi ko'plik egalar (subject) bilan ishlaymiz: you, we, they va "children", "my friends" kabi ko'plik otlar. Ular bilan yordamchi fe'l were bo'ladi, asosiy fe'lga (verb) yana -ing qo'shiladi.

Was va were to be fe'lining o'tgan zamon shakllari, siz ularni allaqachon bilasiz: I was, they were. Past Continuous shu bilimga faqat -ing qo'shadi. O'zbekchada esa "edik", "edingiz", "edilar" o'zgaradi: "biz tomosha qilayotgan edik".

Tuzilishi

• You / We / They + were + fe'l-ing - ko'plik egalar bilan
• ko'plik ot + were + fe'l-ing - Children were singing
• We were watching - biz tomosha qilayotgan edik
• They were playing - ular o'ynayotgan edilar

Misollar:

• You were working hardSen qattiq ishlayotgan eding
• We were watching a movieBiz film ko'rayotgan edik
• They were playing in the parkUlar parkda o'ynayotgan edilar
• We were listening to a songBiz qo'shiq tinglayotgan edik
• Children were singingBolalar kuylayotgan edi
• We were studying togetherBiz birga o'qiyotgan edik

Ko'p uchraydigan xatolar

They were laughing. They was laughing. you / we / they bilan faqat were.

You were sleeping. You was sleeping. you birlik ma'nosida ("sen") kelsa ham were oladi.

We were reading. We were read. were dan keyin asosiy fe'lga -ing shart.

Children were singing. Children was singing. Ko'plikdagi ot they kabi ishlaydi, shuning uchun were oladi.

Taqqoslash

• birlik - She was readingwas
• ko'plik - They were readingwere
• Past Simple - They played (tugagan ish)
• Past Continuous - They were playing (o'sha payt davom etayotgan ish)

To be ning o'tgan zamoni qanday bo'lsa shunday: I / he / she / it was, you / we / they were, keyin fe'l-ing.

Qachon ishlatamiz?

O'tmishdagi biror paytda harakat davom etmayotganini aytish uchun inkor shakli kerak: "men uxlamayotgan edim", "yomg'ir yog'mayotgan edi". Ko'pincha bu kimdir nima qilyapti deb o'ylagan, aslida esa boshqa narsa bo'lgan holatda ishlatiladi: "U ishlamayotgan edi, u televizor ko'rayotgan edi".

Inkor juda oson: not so'zi was yoki were dan keyin qo'yiladi. Og'zaki nutqda qisqargan shakllar wasn't va weren't ishlatiladi. Asosiy fe'l (verb) -ing bilan qoladi, do / did kerak emas.

Tuzilishi

• I / He / She / It + was not (wasn't) + fe'l-ing - birlik egalar
• You / We / They + were not (weren't) + fe'l-ing - ko'plik egalar
• I wasn't sleeping - men uxlamayotgan edim
• They weren't playing - ular o'ynamayotgan edilar

Misollar:

• I wasn't sleepingMen uxlamayotgan edim
• She wasn't workingU ishlamayotgan edi
• It wasn't rainingYomg'ir yog'mayotgan edi
• We weren't watching TVBiz televizor ko'rmayotgan edik
• You weren't paying attentionSen e'tibor bermayotgan eding
• We weren't expecting guestsBiz mehmon kutmayotgan edik

Ko'p uchraydigan xatolar

He wasn't driving. He didn't driving. Past Continuous inkori did bilan emas, was / were + not bilan yasaladi.

They weren't playing. They wasn't playing. they bilan were, demak weren't.

She wasn't talking. She wasn't talk. Inkorda ham fe'lga -ing saqlanadi.

We weren't watching TV. We not were watching TV. not was / were dan keyin turadi, oldin emas: were not - weren't.

Taqqoslash

• Past Simple inkor - She didn't work (didn't + fe'l)
• Past Continuous inkor - She wasn't working (wasn't + fe'l-ing)

Ikkalasi ham o'tmish, lekin birinchisi tugagan ishni, ikkinchisi o'sha paytdagi jarayonni inkor qiladi.

not ni was / were ga yopishtiring: wasn't, weren't, keyin fe'l-ing o'z joyida qoladi.

Qachon ishlatamiz?

O'tmishdagi ma'lum paytda kimdir nima qilayotganini bilmoqchi bo'lsangiz, Past Continuous so'roq shakli kerak: "Nima qilayotgan eding?", "Yomg'ir yog'ayotgan edimi?". Bu savol ko'pincha aniq vaqt bilan keladi: kecha soat sakkizda, men qo'ng'iroq qilganimda.

So'roq yasash uchun was / were egadan (subject) oldinga chiqadi. Do / did kerak emas. So'roq so'zi (what, where, why, who) bo'lsa, u eng boshida turadi. O'zbekchada savol "-mi" qo'shimchasi bilan yasaladi: "uxlayotgan edimi?", ingliz tilida esa so'z tartibi o'zgaradi.

Tuzilishi

• Was + I / he / she / it + fe'l-ing? - birlik egalar bilan
• Were + you / we / they + fe'l-ing? - ko'plik egalar bilan
• What / Where / Why + was / were + ega + fe'l-ing? - so'roq so'zi bilan
• Was she hiding? - u yashirinayotgan edimi?
• What were you doing? - nima qilayotgan eding?

Misollar:

• Was she hiding?U yashirinayotgan edimi?
• Was it raining?Yomg'ir yog'ayotgan edimi?
• Were you listening?Tinglayotgan edingmi?
• Were they jumping outside?Ular tashqarida sakrayotgan edilarmi?
• What were you doing?Nima qilayotgan eding?
• Where was he going?U qayerga ketayotgan edi?
• Why were you laughing?Nega kulayotgan eding?

Ko'p uchraydigan xatolar

Was she sleeping? Did she sleeping? Past Continuous savolida did yo'q, was / were ega oldiga chiqadi.

What were you doing? What you were doing? So'roq so'zidan keyin darhol was / were, keyin ega.

Were they playing? Were they play? Savolda ham fe'l -ing bilan qoladi.

Were you listening? Was you listening? you savolda ham were oladi, bir kishini bildirsa ham.

Taqqoslash

• Past Simple savol - Did you work? (did + fe'l)
• Past Continuous savol - Were you working? (were + fe'l-ing)

So'roq uchun was / were ni ega oldiga o'tkazing, fe'l-ing joyida qoladi.

Qachon ishlatamiz?

"Was she sleeping?" degan savolga butun gapni qaytarish shart emas. Ingliz tilida qisqa javob beriladi: "Yes, she was" yoki "No, she wasn't". O'zbekchada biz oddiygina "Ha" yoki "Yo'q, uxlamayotgan edi" deymiz; inglizchada esa "ha / yo'q" dan keyin ega (subject) va yordamchi fe'l (was / were) albatta takrorlanadi.

Qoida oddiy: savolda qaysi yordamchi fe'l bo'lsa, javobda ham o'sha. Asosiy fe'l va -ing qisqa javobda aytilmaydi. Egani mos olmosh bilan almashtiring: "the children" savolda bo'lsa, javobda "they".

Tuzilishi

• Yes, I / he / she / it was. - birlik egalar, ijobiy
• No, I / he / she / it wasn't. - birlik egalar, inkor
• Yes, you / we / they were. - ko'plik egalar, ijobiy
• No, you / we / they weren't. - ko'plik egalar, inkor

Misollar:

• Was he working? Yes, he wasU ishlayotgan edimi? Ha, ishlayotgan edi
• Was she sleeping? No, she wasn'tU uxlayotgan edimi? Yo'q, uxlamayotgan edi
• Were they playing? Yes, they wereUlar o'ynayotgan edilarmi? Ha, o'ynayotgan edilar
• Were you waiting? No, we weren'tKutayotgan edingizmi? Yo'q, kutmayotgan edik
• Was the baby sleeping? Yes, it wasChaqaloq uxlayotgan edimi? Ha, uxlayotgan edi
• Was I talking too much? No, you weren'tMen ko'p gapirayotgan edimmi? Yo'q, gapirmayotgan eding

Ko'p uchraydigan xatolar

Was she working? Yes, she was. Was she working? Yes, she was working. Qisqa javobda fe'l-ing takrorlanmaydi.

Were they sleeping? No, they weren't. Were they sleeping? No, they wasn't. they bilan were, demak weren't.

Yes, I was. Yes, I did. Savol was bilan bo'lsa, javob did bilan bo'lmaydi.

Were you sleeping? Yes, I was. Were you sleeping? Yes, I were. Savolda you tufayli were turibdi, javob esa I haqida, I bilan was keladi.

Taqqoslash

• Was I ...? - javob: Yes, you weremen so'rasam, sen javob berasan
• Were you ...? - javob: Yes, I wassen so'rasang, men javob beraman

Savol va javobda ega almashadi: I so'rasa you javob beradi, siz so'rasangiz men javob beraman.

Qisqa javob uch so'z: Yes / No + ega + was / were (inkorda wasn't / weren't).

Qaysi so'zlar paytni ko'rsatadi?

Harakat davom etayotgan edi deganingizda, tinglovchi uning qachon bo'lganini bilishi kerak. Vaqt ifodalari aynan shu paytni beradi. Ba'zilari bitta aniq nuqtani ko'rsatadi: at that time (o'sha paytda), at five o'clock (soat beshda), then (o'shanda), yesterday morning (kecha ertalab). Boshqalari paytni uzun bo'lakka cho'zadi: all day (kun bo'yi), all morning, all evening, all night. Yana ikkitasi, while va when, boshqa harakatni soat qilib oladi.

Signal so'zlar

• at that time - o'tmishdagi aynan o'sha payt
• at five o'clock - soat bo'yicha aniq vaqt
• then - biz gapirayotgan payt
• all day - ertalabdan kechgacha, to'xtovsiz
• all evening - butun kechqurun davomida

Misollar:

• I was working hard at that timeO'sha paytda qattiq ishlayotgan edim
• She was sleeping at five o'clockSoat beshda u uxlayotgan edi
• I was cooking dinner thenO'shanda kechki ovqat pishirayotgan edim
• It was raining all dayKun bo'yi yomg'ir yog'ayotgan edi
• They were studying all eveningUlar butun kechqurun dars tayyorlayotgan edilar

While va when

While fonda turgan uzun harakatni belgilaydi. When esa uni kesib o'tgan qisqa hodisani belgilaydi.

While I was eating, he called. While I ate, he was calling. Uzun fon harakati was yoki were bilan va -ing bilan keladi; qisqa hodisa oddiy shaklda qoladi.

When you called, I was reading. When you were calling, I read. when dan keyin tez hodisa turadi, uzun harakat esa was reading bo'lib qoladi.

When she arrived, we were watching TV. When she was arriving, we watched TV. Kelish bir soniyalik ish, demak u qisqa hodisa; televizor ko'rish esa uzun harakat.

She was sleeping at five o'clock. She was sleeping in five o'clock. Soat vaqti at bilan aytiladi: at five o'clock, at eight.

Gapirishdan oldin o'zingizdan qachon deb so'rang: bitta nuqta (at five o'clock), uzun bo'lak (all day) yoki boshqa harakat (while, when).